In addition, the pineal in Protoichthyosaurus is bordered posteriorly by the parietals rather than being entirely enclosed by the frontals as in Ichthyosaurus. The genus Protoichthyosaurus can be most easily distinguished from its sister taxon, Ichthyosaurus, by the forefin morphology, with three primary digits (II-IV) in the former and four primary digits (II-V) in the latter. It separates most of the jugal dorsal ramus from the orbit margin and makes up much more than half of the orbit posterior margin.
![muse haut mus2 bas muse haut mus2 bas](https://i.pinimg.com/736x/48/da/be/48dabe50a7dfdea43fe39f3c386efab9.jpg)
applebyi is emended to include a postorbital that is dorsoventrally long but anteroposteriorly narrow relative to its length. It provides additional information on the posterior portion of the skull and mandible. A fourth, nearly complete skull is referred to Protoichthyosaurus applebyi, only the second known specimen of the species. Three isolated, partial skulls from historic collections, previously identified as Ichthyosaurus communis are herein assigned to Protoichthyosaurus prostaxalis. Our new sculpture is based on empirical evidence obtained directly from the fossil record, including uniquely preserved soft-tissue structures (e.g., original pigments and blubber), resulting in the scientifically most up-to-date reconstruction of an ichthyosaur currently available. We then distill novel insights on ichthyosaur anatomy and physiology gained from an exceptionally preserved, sub-adult specimen of the parvipelvian Stenopterygius from the Jurassic Posidonia Shale in Germany, and describe the process in which a detailed, three-dimensional reconstruction in scale 1:1 was produced. Herein, we present a review of ichthyosaur research and life style iconography with particular focus on soft-tissue structures and inferences made from these, including aspects of coloration and thermoregulation. However, soft tissues are also known from a number of Lagerstätte specimens, and have opened up new avenues for deciphering their biology and ecology. As for most ancient vertebrates, our knowledge of these iconic animals largely derives from biomineralized hard parts (teeth and bones). The dolphin-like ichthyosaurs – also known as ‘fish lizards’ – are extinct marine reptiles that roamed the Mesozoic oceans for some 160 million years. Currently, there is no evidence for sexual dimorphism in Stenopterygius. Thus, there were never more than three coeval species of the Stenopterygiidae in the Posidonia shale sea of southwestern Germany. uniter exclude each other stratigraphically. uniter, however, is only found from Lias ε II,6 to Lias ε II,11, so H. typicus is restricted to Lias ε II,2 to Lias ε II,5. triscissus are known from the entire Middle Posidonia shale, H. In the Middle Posidonia shale it is joined by S. quadriscissus is the only species currently known from the Lower Posidonia shale. The stratigraphic distribution of the stenopterygiid species is revealing and well in accordance with the taxonomy proposed here. Specimens of the type-series of this species, which are largely lost, are figured for the first time. As it is a juvenile, it is currently not determinable to specific level. uniter that it has to be referred to a genus of its own, for which the name Hauffiopteryx n. This subspecies is here elevated to specific rank.
![muse haut mus2 bas muse haut mus2 bas](https://fr.web.img4.acsta.net/c_300_300/pictures/15/03/23/12/34/307020.jpg)
It was recognized as a distinct subspecies by von Huene (1931) and named Stenopterygius hauffianus forma typica. The remaining specimens belong to a highly distinctive, easily recognizable, but rare taxon. hauffianus can only be determined as Stenopterygius cf.
![muse haut mus2 bas muse haut mus2 bas](https://i.pinimg.com/originals/da/50/3d/da503d3cd25a6029d132ffe7e6f255cb.jpg)
uniter was destroyed in World War II, a neotype is proposed.
![muse haut mus2 bas muse haut mus2 bas](https://www.cinesud-affiches.com/16306-big_default/musee-haut-musee-bas-affiche-film.jpg)
cuneiceps, belong to a species of their own for which the binomen Stenopterygius uniter is available. megalorhinus, as well as the type specimen of S. Part of the material previously referred to S. megalorhinus are all referable to this species. Ichthyosaurus triscissus is a valid taxon, referred to the genus Stenopterygius as Stenopterygius triscissus, following Woodward in von Zittel 1932. macrophasma, as well as specimens previously referred to S. The typespecies of the genus, Stenopterygius quadriscissus, also includes S. This new taxonomic approach allows it to refer all sufficiently preserved adult specimens investigated to one of only four taxa. They are mostly based on body proportions and their changes during ontogeny. New diagnoses of all valid species are presented. Lower Jurassic ichthyosaur genus Stenopterygius is revised taxonomically. On the basis of an investigation of the type material and more than 100 additional skulls and skeletons, the